Technologies used include LMDS and MMDS, as well as heavy use of the ISM bands and one particular access technology was standardized by IEEE 802.16, with products known as WiMAX." A fixed wireless network link is a stationary terrestrial wireless connection, which can support higher data rates for the same power as mobile or satellite systems.įew wireless Internet service providers (WISPs) provide download speeds of over 100 Mbit/ s most broadband wireless access (BWA) services are estimated to have a range of 50 km (31 mi) from a tower. Wireless networks can also be symmetrical, meaning the same rate in both directions (downstream and upstream), which is most commonly associated with fixed wireless networks. Wireless networks can feature data rates roughly equivalent to some wired networks, such as that of asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) or a cable modem. "Wireless broadband is technology that provides high-speed wireless Internet access or computer networking access over a wide area. Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) was promoted as a target technology for meeting these requirements" The Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN) intended to provide these characteristics. "The ideal telecommunication network has the following characteristics: broadband, multi-media, multi-point, multi-rate and economical implementation for a diversity of services (multi-services). This hybrid satellite and common carrier network diagram example was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Telecommunication Network Diagrams solution from the Computer and Networks area of ConceptDraw Solution Park. They are also used for mobile applications such as communications to ships, vehicles, planes and hand-held terminals, and for TV and radio broadcasting." Modern communications satellites use a variety of orbits including geostationary orbits, Molniya orbits, elliptical orbits and low (polar and non-polar) Earth orbits.įor fixed (point-to-point) services, communications satellites provide a microwave radio relay technology complementary to that of communication cables. "A communications satellite or comsat is an artificial satellite sent to space for the purpose of telecommunications. This satellite telecom network diagram example was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Telecommunication Network Diagrams solution from the Computer and Networks area of ConceptDraw Solution Park. With this configuration, the number of remote VSATs that can be connected to the hub is virtually limitless." Working in concert with a broadband gateway, the satellite operates a Star network topology where all network communication passes through the network's hub processor, which is at the center of the star. Other components of a satellite Internet system include a modem at the user end which links the user's network with the transceiver, and a centralized network operations center (NOC) for monitoring the entire system. Satellite Internet generally relies on three primary components: a satellite in geostationary orbit (sometimes referred to as a geosynchronous Earth orbit, or GEO), a number of ground stations known as gateways that relay Internet data to and from the satellite via radio waves (microwave), and a VSAT (very-small-aperture terminal) dish antenna with a transceiver, located at the subscriber's premises. "Satellite Internet access is Internet access provided through communications satellites.
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